Mots-clés
urban areas / built heritage / economic aspects / cultural diversity / values / architectural ensembles / cultural heritage / conservation policy / protection of cultural heritage / legal protection / tourism / cultural tourism / historical surveys / theory of conservation / economic and social development / urban renewal / rehabilitation / town planning legislation / conservation of architecture / social aspects / tourism impact / economic impact / economic value / protection of historic sites / impact assessment
Résumé en anglais
The trajectory of cultural heritage protection is based on a set of indicators that have been used over the years to justify the safeguard of cultural property. Recognition of the merits of these particularities, which differentiate buildings, urban areas, paintings, sculptures, etc., in conservation strategies that contribute to the construction of the future of societies, is essential to appreciation of the value of this cultural legacy. This work deals with the discussion of the role of the economic indicators in the conservation of the cultural heritage, whose scope, in this case, will be restricted to buildings and urban areas, that is, monuments and sites.Initially, the article will make a brief review of the trajectory of the protection of buildings and urban areas, from the emergence of the first artistic and historical indicators, which form the basis of the pioneering protection legislations, until the entry onto the scene of the economic angle on conservation, the focus of this whole discussion. In the following part, the work will concentrate on the study of the basic references on this theme: the publication, “Economics in Urban Conservation” by Nathaniel Lichfield (1988); the British experiences of urban regeneration since the 1980s; the Brazilian experience in Pelourinho, the historical centre of Salvador, Bahia State; among others. The analysis of this material will contribute toward the construction of the conceptual framework that will be employed in the final part of the work, the evaluation of the form in which the economic aspect, especially the application of the sustainable development concept, is present in Brazilian Conservation Policy, emphasis being placed on the initiatives on the part of the Rio de Janeiro City Hall with regard to conservation areas.