Mots-clés
protected areas / guidelines / local communities / values / community-based management / know-how / Hawaii / cultural administrations / governance / indigenous peoples / World Heritage / World Heritage Sites / economic aspects / social aspects / management / cultural landscapes / natural sites / sustainable development / ethnology / traditional knowledge / customs and traditions / cooperation / maritime heritage / mixed properties
Résumé en anglais
PART 2. RECOGNIZING INTANGIBLE HERITAGE AND DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES - Intangible Heritage as a Driver of Cultural Landscape Management and Holistic Conservation /// Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM) is one of the world’s largest marine protected areas at 1,508,870 square kilometers. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2010 for its outstanding natural and cultural significance, PMNM is a place of deep cosmological significance to Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians) with a revered kinship connection. The laws that established PMNM as well as the current management practices emphasize the integration of Western and Native Hawaiian values and practices. This framework provides opportunities forcultural perspectives to be integrated into all management decisions. Foundational elements of integration include formal co-management agreements for governance, and structured opportunities for Native Hawaiian community involvement. PMNM is cooperatively managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the State of Hawaiʻi, and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA). Although OHA has acted as a co-manager since PMNM’s inception, a crucial milestone was a 2017 Memorandum of Agreement, which elevated OHA to Co-Trustee status. Building upon these foundational elements, co-managers have developed practices and conventions that enable integration of diverse management perspectives. These integrative approaches are groundbreaking
and may have global relevance, as similar models are rare elsewhere.