Résumé en anglais
The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted in 1972 by the General Conference of UNESCO, in the first two articles defines the terms of two equivalent patrimonial categories for the purposes of conservation: cultural heritage and natural heritage. In fact, having placed cultural and natural heritage on the same level of values has meant the constitution of a particular cultural strategy from which the policies of enhancement and management developed in more recent years by Nations that are almost entirely devoid of excellent ancient architecture but are rich in deep-rooted ethnic values and, in a special way, in environmental treasures. However, it is true that through the paths and stages that have led to today's supranational awareness of universal heritage, an old prejudice has been maintained according to which a protected object must necessarily possess the character of exceptionality.In dealing with the recovery of Mozambican historic cities, the expression "original sin" is often evoked. The colonial origin implies, in many African countries, an ambivalent attitude towards the conservation conceived by European culture: the more or less unconscious rejection of a hostile inheritance, but also the desire for appropriation which could mean redemption and domination. It follows the search for different forms, now not yet clear, but which are more flexible, more appropriate than the conservation policy in use in Europe. In this direction, the Faculty of Architecture of Maputo (in cooperation with the University of Rome Sapienza), for some years has undertaken a survey of the widespread historical heritage, with attention to the processes of transformation of the territory and of the built, believing that through these transformations a free identity is manifested today.