Mots-clés
conflicts / cultural heritage / peace / reconciliation / conservation / preservation / World Heritage Convention / heritage at risk / doctrine / economic aspects / social aspects / causes of deterioration / public awareness / World Heritage in Danger / operational guidelines / international organizations
Résumé en anglais
Conservation, preservation and restoration of cultural heritage are confronted with serious challenges due to conflict of interests among nations, between state and state actors, among regional entities within a single country and communities. The objective of the paper is to examine whether designation of World Heritage intensifies or mitigates conflicts and its role to build peace and reconciliation among different conflicting parties. In order to develop a framework the paper argues that conflict can be defined in terms of attitude of opposing parties towards cultural heritage, degree violence and destruction, and possibilities of reconciliation and resolution of conflicts and contradictions among various stakeholders. In a broader sense there are three conflict situations, firstly, when opponents try to deprive, control injure, destroy, or otherwise harm; second, when two or multiple parties try to maximize their interest and win over other(s) through competition; third, when stakeholders aim to convince or persuade each other of the rightness or correctness or attractiveness of one’s views or claims throughdebate and come to consensus through cooperation. Within the framework of three kinds of situations the paper tries to understand complexities of cultural heritage especially the World Heritage. The paper also attempts to highlight tools from within the World Heritage Convention and its operational guidelines from the process of nomination to actual designation and explore different kind of conflict situations.